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The existing contents and standards for the standardized residents training are incomplete. Clinical management guidelines and expert consensus should be included in the standardized residents training, since they are very important for clinical decisions. Some guidelines and expert consensus have been included in the standardized residents training in our cardiovascular department,and with the problem-based teaching method, the quality of standardized residents training was improved in the cardiovascular department of ShengJing hospital.
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The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among older rural adults in Liaoning Province, China. The study was conducted in 2004-2006, using a multistage, stratified clustering sampling scheme to select a representative sample. A total of 10,065 adults aged 60 years or older were examined. A survey of blood pressure and associated factors was carried out. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS 11.5 statistical software package. Overall, the prevalence rates of hypertension are 57, 64.4 and 64.9% for the age groups 60-69, 70-79 and >/= 80 years, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated with age, female gender, Mongolian ethnicity, overweight and obesity, smoking and drinking, whereas income level was a protective factor for hypertension. The rates of awareness, treatment and control among older rural adults were very low [overall 35.2, 28.7 and 1.0%, respectively] Hypertension was highly prevalent among older rural adults in Liaoning Province, and it was associated with many factors. The percentages of hypertensives who were aware, treated, and controlled were very low. These data underscore the urgent need to strengthen the public health education and blood pressure monitoring system to better manager hypertension among older adults in rural China
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Humans , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Rural Population , Prevalence , Smoking , Obesity , Sex Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Alcohol Drinking , Age DistributionABSTRACT
Objective To prospectively evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ankle brachial index (ABI) in the diagnosis of lower extremity arterial disease(LEAD)by using conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard, and to research the threshold value of ABI screening test for diagnosis. Methods A total of 383 consecutive patients (245 men and 138 women, mean age (64.1±11.7) years] underwent conventional DSA and ABI measurement. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to assess possible threshold values for predicting the LEAD in these patients. Results Conventional DSA was used as the gold standard in defining≥50% luminal stenosis for the diagnosis of LEAD. 0. 95 was the overall cutoff of ABI which was associatcd with 93.0% sensitivity, 85.0% specificity, 8.81 positive likelihood ratio(+LR) and 0. 23 negative likelihood ratio(-LR) for detection of hemodynamically significant stenosis (lesions>≥50%) in all 383 subjects (P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve was 0. 953(95%CI 0.920～0.985). Conclusions ABI measurement is an accurate and reliable non-invasive alternative to conventional DSA in the diagnosis of lower extremity arterial disease. And the cut-off 0.95 is the threshold ABI value for detecting LEAD in Chinese population.
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BACKGROUND: Valsartan is an antagonist of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) receptor. Many researches have proved that it can protect heart tissue. Val-PREST suggests that valsartan with a long-term administration can decrease restenosis rate in stent; however, effect of valsartan on restenosis rate of Chinese population is still unclear presently.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oral valsartan for 6 months on patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who undertook successful intervention therapy.DESIGN: Multicenter, double blind, randomized, and controlled evaluation and prospective design.SETTING: Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Peking Union Hospital; People's Hospital of Peking University; Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University; Beijing Shijingshan Hospital; Beijing Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University;Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Eight three-grade A hospitals in Beijing participated in the study. Since December 2002 to October 2003, a total of 200 patients who underwent bare mental stent implantation were consented, but 196 patients were recruited in the end. All 196 patients were randomized into valsartan group (100 cases) and control group (96 cases).METHODS: Basic medicines in the two group included aspirin, clopidogrel, nitrides, statins, β-receptor antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, etc. Additionally, Patients in valsartan group were also given valsartan (Beijing Nuohua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., batch number: SD 34004) in a dosage of 80 mg a day. Both groups were followed-up once a month for total 6 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Major adverse cardiac events within 6 months on clinics (death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalisation once more due to recurrent myocardial ischemia, and target vessel revascularization); ② Results of duplicated coronary angiography or exercise treadmill test (ETT) of partial patients within 6 months.RESULTS: ① Two patients (2%) in valsartan group were excluded in this study because of intolerance, so 194 patients were involved in the final analysis. ② No significant differences of baseline characteristics in terms of lesion type, the number of diseased vessels and the cardiac function were found between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). ③ During the period of 6-month follow-up, one case died in control group. One acute myocardial infarction occurred in each group, whilst one case undertook target vessel revascularization in valsartan group. It was found that the proportion of recurrent cardiac events was lower in valsartan group than that in control group (11.2% vs. 15.6%). However, this difference did not reach the statistic significance. ④ During the period of 6-month duplicated contrast examination, one case had restenosis of in-stent in valsartan group. ⑤ The positive rate of exercise treadmill test (ETT) was lower in valsartan group (25.7%) than that in control group (36.4%), but there was no statistic difference.CONCLUSION: Six-month oral valsartan on patients with coronary heart disease who undertook successful intervention therapy can decrease the trend of recurrent cardiac events and positive rate of ETT.
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Objective To study mortality of acute myocardial infarction caused by acute left main coronary artery occlusion.The objectives of this analysis were to determine the effect of primary PCI and the impact of cardiogenic shock on acute myocardial infarction caused by acute left main coronary artery occlusion.Methods From 1999 to 2005,of 752 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction,16 patients had acute left main coronary artery occlusion with TIMI flow≤2.All patients were given primary PCI.Results Of these 16 patients,9(56.25%)died in hospital,and 7(43.75%)discharged.In the survival group reperfusion was successful in 100% of patients,as opposed to 44.44% in the mortality group(P=0.019).Cardiogenic shock was overt in 12(75.00%)patients,42.86% of the survival group and 100% of the mortality group(P=0.020).Shock patients had higher in-hospital mortality than stable patients(75 % vs 0%,odds=4.0,95%CI 1.50~10.66,P=0.019).Conclusion Patients presenting with AMI caused by acute left main coronary artery occlusion and cardiogenic shock have poor survival regardless of primary PCI.Nevertheless,primary PCI is a feasible and effective procedure,and it may save lives in this clinical setting.
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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of QT dispersion and heart rate variability in predicting early ventricular fibrillation during hospitalization after acute myocardial infarction.Methods Seventy-two patients underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring within 6 hours after onset of acute myocardial infarction.They were divided into 2 groups,VF group (12 cases) and Non-VF group (60 cases),based on whether they had experienced an episode of ventricular fibrillation during their hospitalization.Index of QT dispersion and heart rate variability were calculated on the basis of 24 hours Holter recording.Results The HRV indexes showed significant difference (respectively,.P.